This is the build location, you shouldn’t be referencing it at all. Think of it as a staging area.
<build_dir>/pxr/usd/usd/libusd_usd.dylib
This is the install location: <build_dir>/lib/libusd_usd.dylib
That’s the one that should be in your paths. When you build in your IDE (it doesn’t matter if it is CLion or Xcode or whatever), you need to build the install target to actually get everything staged to the right place.
Then, when you run, you have to coerce the IDE to run usdcat from the install location, not from the build location. You may have to do more work to tell clion/lldb where the symbol database is, but I’m not sure, as i don’t use CLion (I use the command line or xcode depending on the type of debugging I am doing.)